Music Business – Hindsight 20/20
July 18, 2009 at 7:23 am | In Marketing, Media Business, Music Business | 1 CommentTags: 8-track, albums, Amazon, Cassette, CDs, Chris Anderson, Clore Chronicles, consumers, cross-marketing, digital, Direct to Consumer, distribution, download, Elio Leoni-Sceti, Email Marketing, EMI, facebook, fair use, Future, History, iTunes, labels, Marketing, Merch Intellectual Property, Music, Music Business, myspace, p2p, Pricing, Promotion, Relational Marketing, Seth Godin, Tracks, twitter, Vinyl
EMI Music CEO Elio Leoni-Sceti has been recently quoted saying:
Looking at the music industry, which has become something of a bellwether for other media businesses, we have a situation where seventy percent of music consumption is digital and yet only about twenty percent of music company revenues are derived from digital. Music is in demand and the demand is growing all the time, but we’ve clearly lost touch with our consumers.
Not to ‘Monday Morning Quarterback’ too much, but I would argue that in order to lose touch with your consumers, you actually have to be in touch to begin with and that has never been the case. Consumers are ’song’ driven and have been since the beginning of radio, but it was always the format that restricted consumption. From vinyl, to 8-track, to cassette, to CD there were always natural barriers in place to restrict unauthorized distribution. While those restrictions were in place, artists were bloating their records with filler and labels were increasing their profits, compounding consumer frustration. The Music Industry can claim ‘bellwether’ status all they want, but to miss the potential of the Internet was just ignorant, filing copyright infringement suits against your consumers was, and is, counterproductive, developing DRM technology was wasteful and futile, and to think consumers wouldn’t gravitate back to single consumption if given the opportunity is just evidence that a few key people had their head stuck in the sand. It was a nice effort, but it was all ‘reactive’. Nothing was proactive. Nobody thought to look ahead. Nobody thought to plan ahead, and for that, let’s take a moment and pause for the 7 Ps:
Prior Proper Planning Prevents Piss Poor Performance
So…In order to leave you with something other than complaints about the obvious, here are a few things I’ve come up with that I would have done differently:
- Embrace and build P2P in an effort to monetize, cross-market, gather consumer data, and track consumer behavior
- Demand variable track pricing from day 1 in order to generate revenue with regard to demand
- Raise the ‘Standard’ track price
- Build Label-Owned and Label-Merchandised online music destination equipped to compete
- Empower a 3rd party vendor where competing labels have an equity stake
- Bring Booking, Publishing, and Management, Distribution, and Merch In-House where possible
- Develop a modular and streamlined way of delivering digital product
- Monetize every Artist website and begin a relationship with the consumer at a transactional level
- Abandon all DRM efforts
- Invest heavily in a more positive, artist-driven, public re-education campaign around Intellectual Property and Fair Use
- Aggressively restructure and reorganize
- Simplify physical product pricing, promotion, and distribution
You may agree or disagree with many of these, but I encourage you to leave your own ideas in the comments section, especially if you believe I’ve left a gaping hole somewhere. Not to necessarily ‘blamestorm’, but to better understand where we came from and what we have come through in order to better prepare ourselves for the future. Also, if you want to a consistently good read from a guy who really appreciates the history of the Music Business and music in general, subscribe to the Clore Chronicles.
Moving on though, I think the real challenge is where we go from here. Leoni-Sceti’s comments above regarding digital consumption versus revenue is a huge disconnect and a code that isn’t easily cracked. It makes it even more difficult to dig out given the macroeconomic constraints present in today’s US economy. From my perspective, I still don’t think we are proactive enough. I still don’t think we are aggressive enough. So many people are just clinging to their jobs and trying to manage their daily duties, previously handled by multiple people. I’m not sure who’s looking ahead anymore. Godin and Anderson are two of my favorite idea guys, but they aren’t the decision makers here. To make matters worse, I don’t think the future of the business is going to be as glaringly obvious as before. In the last year, we’ve watched Myspace rise and fall, Facebook gravitate towards women over 55, and Twitter rise to the top overnight in a manner that screams ‘fad’. We don’t have time for a slow build formula, technology, model, or destination, but that’s what instills trust, relationships, and ultimately transactions.
To sum it up:
The Music Industry can’t afford people spending time looking ahead, but then again…they can’t afford not too
TEA (Track Equivalent Albums)
January 16, 2009 at 4:32 am | In Music Business | 2 CommentsTags: albums, digital, download, Gold, Platinum, RIAA Certification, Scans, TEA, Track Equivalent
There is a rather large misunderstanding (at least in my company) regarding how individually downloaded songs scan. This is a lesson I’ve taught in multiple meetings and I suspect I’ll have to teach in many more. TEA (Track Equivalent Albums) is only a great concept as long as it is properly understood and communicated. It helps to quickly estimate the amount of revenue generated by a project, which can help in assessing whether or not a project is successful or not and simplifies most label reporting for easier sales analysis.
So How Does TEA work?
Most corporations formulate TEA by dividing the number of track sales by 10. Let’s take Coldplay (featured excerpt from Nielsen Soundscan below) for example. The 2.786 Million tracks have a TEA value of approximately 278.6K Albums.

2.786 Million / 10 (avg # tracks on an album) = 278.6K Track Equivalent Albums
3 Things to Remember about TEA
- It is only an estimate (Any given album could have more or less than 10 tracks)
- Single song downloads never add up to equal a real album scan
- Per the second bullet – Single Song downloads do not help an artist’s record get any closer to gold or platinum status
The “Price” of Customer Acquisition
November 4, 2008 at 4:20 am | In Music Business | Leave a CommentTags: acquisition, aggressive, albums, Amazon, AmazonMP3, audio, consumer, consumers, customer, digital, download, iTunes, Marketing, MP3, Music, Newbies, price, Rookies, songs, sticky, store, Walmart, Walmart.com
Customer Acquisition…For this excercise, there are 3 kinds of digital consumers:
1. Rookies: Consumers who have never purchased a digital download
2. Veterens(2 types): Experienced Digital Consumers.
_______a) Loyalists: Consumers that value a specific brand of music service and are not easily intrigued by cheaper prices, additional service features, or an alternate, higher quality end product. They are comfortable with the way they already consume music and find value in the brand they have already chosen such as Image, Usability, Convenience, Security, etc.
_______b) Experimentalists: These consumers are crafty and have no existing brand loyalty. Price carries a significant amount of weight in their decision but other factors are an issue such as interoperability, selection, and freedom.
So let’s say you want to start a successful digital music store. There’s only a finite number of customers and you need to motivate them quickly in order to stay afloat, so you prioritize your attack it in this order:
Experimentalists => Rookies => Loyalist
How do you separate them? Price.
Customer Acquisition via Price – This automatically aligns your consumers to the desired priority above and here’s why:
Experimentalists are first because they are proactive about new ideas and new processes. They are already acclimated to what you are asking them to do so you don’t have to teach them. They see the value in what you are offering before they begin and are willing to experiment for that reward (a cheaper price). Experimentalists are also great because their pioneer efforts hardly ever go unnoticed.
…and that’s where you get the Rookies. They want what the Experimentalists are blabbing on and on about, and while they would have never gone down that road on their own, they now have a partner in crime and proof that someone else survived the journey before them. Sure, you may get a few Rookies by chance, but the Experimentalists make great teachers and offer a support structure for them that is crucial to success.
Loyalists? – How do you get the loyalists? Doubt…and this takes time.
You won’t win Loyalists over immediately because they are wrapped very tight in their brand security blanket, but they’re smart. They’ve been around a while – hence the term “veteran” and at one point in time, they used to be “Experimentalists”. They hold tightly to their belief that what they have been doing is best and take great pride in their methods, but the Rookies and Experimentalists continue to plant that seed of doubt with every successful transaction and in every conversation about music.
Rookie, “Oh, I can’t believe how easy that was…and cheap”
Experimentalists, “I know, and the price and quality is so much better than ___”
Once you win over a few Loyalists, then you have yourself a battle. One Loyalist can convert a multitude of others because they know what it would take to convert one of them.
Want to Fail quickly? – create a bad customer experience for any of these consumers. Experimentalists are experienced shoppers and are not going to vouch for your service without good reason. Rookies are newbies for a reason and any misstep will send them back to buying physical CDs or to your competition where they can find tried and true security. Any misstep with a Loyalist will just reinforce his faithfulness to his current system.
______________________________________________
This is exactly what AmazonMP3 and Walmart.com are doing right now, and eating a ton of costs in the name of customer acquisition. Releasing new records (Keane and Snow Patrol) at huge discounts is a great first step in getting the Rookies and the Experimentalists to try it, but it has to be a first step of many.
PRICE_is only the first step, and by itself, it doesn’t create brand loyalty or “sticky” consumers. Both of these companies have a huge online footprint and a broad product selection that is unmatched by most, but when it comes to digital music, they have a long way to go. They must followup their aggressive pricing with a competitive service and brand identity. It is expensive to play offense, and deep pockets are essential, but it’s going to take much more than that. It will be interesting to see how well they execute the next phase of their attack.
No Profit in Downloads
July 14, 2008 at 8:45 pm | In Music Business | Leave a CommentTags: 99, apple, business, download, Industry, iTunes, label, margin, Marketing, Mastercard, mechanicals, merch, Music, Napster, profit, Rhapsody, royalty, strategy, Visa, Zune
Let’s face it, the Labels are going to take 70% and that’s fair. What? It’s Not? Of course it is…They spent the thousands in studio and production cost, not to mention manufacturing and distribution, only to have the artist sell more T-shirts and stickers at their merch table because all of their fans are hooked up via BitTorrent. It’s not like they pocket the 70% anyway. There’s overhead, mechanicals, and other royalties that have to be paid, not to mention someone who has to sit down and sift through the data so the auditors don’t pitch a fit.
The question is…Can you be profitable with the other 30% and the answer so far is an overwhelming NO!
You may think you’ve struck gold when you find that company that allows you to setup your own storefront for 10 or 20 bucks, pull in the titles you want to sell and then let’s you make 10 to 15 cents per tracks sold, but the reality is that noone shops at these stores. iTunes and Amazon are satisfying 95% of the digital consumers out there and Rhapsody, Napster, Zune, Passalong, and many other reputable brands are fighting for the loose change already.
After you realize this doesn’t work, you can try building your own store from scratch and licensing in the labels in order to keep more of the profit. The reality of that is that in order to be your own retailer, you have to engage with Visa and Mastercard who are going to take 15 cents per transaction and then another 2 or 3 percent of everything you make leaving you with the same 10 to 15 cents you had in the first scenario. It forces you into developing a marketing strategy around bundling and encouraging larger purchases and that’s where you lose touch with your consumer. They don’t want to spend more than 99 cents and if you make them, they will still find what they want and buy it…just NOT from you.
The economics just aren’t there. They just don’t work. It’s barely worked for iTunes and the dream of selling digital music is driving company after company into the ground. It’s not worth the hassle and if you are looking to be entertained with your money, you’d be better off buying lots of fireworks or just flushing it down the toilet.
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